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* replication.html
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*
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* Authors: Chad Berkley
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* Copyright: 2000 Regents of the University of California and the
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* National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
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* For Details: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/
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* Created: 2001 January 23
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* Version:
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* File Info: '$ '
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*
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-->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Metacat Replication</TITLE>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./common.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./default.css">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<table width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td class="tablehead" colspan="2"><p class="label">Replication</p></td>
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<td class="tablehead" colspan="2" align="right">
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<a href="./packages.html">Back</a> | <a href="./metacattour.html">Home</a> |
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<a href="./datafiles.html">Next</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="header1">Table of Contents</div>
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<div class="toc1"><a href="#Intro">Metacat Replication</a></div>
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<div class="toc2"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></div>
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<div class="toc2"><a href="#DatabasedInfo">Databased Information</a></div>
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<div class="toc2"><a href="#Example">Example</a></div>
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<div class="toc3"><a href="#gamma">What happens with gamma?</a></div>
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<div class="toc3"><a href="#alpha">What happens with alpha?</a></div>
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<div class="toc3"><a href="#lamda">What happens with lamda?</a></div>
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<div class="toc1"><a href="#ControlPanel">The Replication Control Panel</a></div>
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<div class="toc1"><a href="#Certificates">Certificates</a></div>
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<div class="toc2"><a href="#GenerateCertificates">Generate Certificates on both the replication client and server.</a></div>
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<div class="toc3"><a href="#GenerateCertTomcat">Generate Certificate for Tomcat standalone (no Apache)</a></div>
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<div class="toc3"><a href="#GenerateCertApache">Generate Certificate for Apache/Tomcat</a></div>
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<div class="toc2"><a href="#RegisterPartner">Register the partner machines certificate</a></div>
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<a name="Intro"></a><div class="header1">Metacat Replication</div>
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<a name="Overview"></a><div class="header2">Overview</div>
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<p>Metacat has built-in replication to allow different Metacat servers to
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share data between themselves. Metacat not only replicates XML documents but
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also data files. </p>
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<p>Metacat's hub feature allows it to replicate not only it's own server's original
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documents, but also those that were replicated from other servers. This functionality
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allows for a more complex chaining replication structure.</p>
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<p>The replication scheme that Metacat uses is both push and pull. There are
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several triggers that can start a replication mechanism: </p>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li><b>Delta-T monitoring</b> - at a set time interval a server checks each of the
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other servers in its list for updated documents</li>
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<li><b>INSERT trigger</b> - Whenever a document is inserted, the server notifies
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the remote hosts in its list that it has a new file available.</li>
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<li><b>UPDATE trigger</b> - Whenever a document is updated, the server notifies
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each server in its list of the update.</li>
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<li><b>File locking</b> - When a local user tries to alter a document on a local
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server that belongs to a remote server, the local server must first
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obtain a lock on that file. Once the lock is obtained, the file can
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be updated, then it is force replicated out to each server in the list.
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The lock ensures that the remote copy is up to date and that an older
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file does not overwrite a newer one. Only a documents home server
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can give a lock for that file to be altered.</li>
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</ul>
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<a name="DatabasedInfo"></a><div class="header2">Databased Information</div>
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<p>Each server contains a list of servers to which it can replicate. One-way
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replication is enabled by the 'replicate' and 'datareplicate' flags in the
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list. The server list may look like the following.</p>
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<table border="1">
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<tr>
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<td><b>serverid</b></td>
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<td><b>server</b></td>
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<td><b>last_checked</b></td>
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<td><b>replicate</b></td>
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<td><b>datareplicate</b></td>
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<td><b>hub</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>localhost</td>
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<td>null</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>2</td>
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<td>alpha.nceas.ucsb.edu:8080/berkley/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-22 14:52:12.1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>3</td>
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<td>dev.nceas.ucsb.edu/Metacat/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-23 9:10:02.5</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<br>
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The server list is kept in a table in the database called xml_replication.
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Localhost must always be the first entry in the table and have a serverid of 1.
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The database fields are:
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<ul class="list1">
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<li><b>serverid</b> - a unique ID that is generated by the database when a new field is added.</li>
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<li><b>server</b> - this field always points to the partner server's replication servlet,
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hence the "servlet/replication" on the end of both of the sample servers. Note
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that any port numbers (if your servlet engine is not running on port 80) must
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also be included. </li>
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<li><b>last_checked</b> - a system generated values that holds the last time that a check was
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made to see if replication needed to be performed.<li>
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<li><b>replicate</b> - flag that is set to 1 if you want this server to replicate XML
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metadata documents TO the remote host. Note that if this flag is set to 0, datareplicate
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and hub fields have no meaning.</li>
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<li><b>datareplicate</b> - flag that is set to 1 if you want this server to copy data
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files to the remote host. Note that this field has no meaning if replicate is not set to 1.</li>
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If this server is a hub to the remote host, the hub flag should be set to.
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<li><b>hub</b> - if this flag is set to true, this server will not only replicate it's own
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original documents, it will also replicate documents that were replicated to it. Thus it
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acts as a replication hub to one or more other Metacat servers.</li>
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</ul>
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<a name="Example"></a><div class="header2">Example</div>
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Here we show an example setup of three replication servers. We will discuss each.<br><br>
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First, note that in order for replication to occur, both partner servers must have
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each other in their respective tables or replication will not take place. Also,
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certificates must be set up correctly on both servers in order for replication to
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work. See the <a href="#Certificates">certificates</a> section below.<br><br>
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<table border="1">
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<tr>
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<td>host</td>
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<td>replication table</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>gamma.nceas.ucsb.edu</td>
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<td>
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<table border="2">
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<tr>
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<td><b>server</b></td>
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<td><b>last_checked</b></td>
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<td><b>replicate</b></td>
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<td><b>datareplicate</b></td>
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<td><b>hub</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>localhost</td>
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<td>null</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>alpha.nceas.ucsb.edu:8080/berkley/servlet/replication </td>
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<td>2001-01-22 14:52:12.1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>lamda.nceas.ucsb.edu/Metacat/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-23 9:10:02.5</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>alpha.nceas.ucsb.edu</td>
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<td>
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<table border="2">
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<tr>
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<td><b>server</b></td>
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<td><b>last_checked</b></td>
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<td><b>replicate</b></td>
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<td><b>datareplicate</b></td>
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<td><b>hub</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>localhost</td>
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<td>null</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>gamma.nceas.ucsb.edu:8080/berkley/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-21 11:33:12.7</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>lamda.nceas.ucsb.edu/Metacat/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-23 10:22:02.5</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>lamda.nceas.ucsb.edu</td>
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<td>
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<table border="2">
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<tr>
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<td><b>server</b></td>
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<td><b>last_checked</b></td>
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<td><b>replicate</b></td>
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<td><b>datareplicate</b></td>
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<td><b>hub</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>localhost</td>
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<td>null</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>gamma.nceas.ucsb.edu:8080/berkley/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-21 11:33:12.7</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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<td>0</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>alpha.nceas.ucsb.edu:8080/Metacat/servlet/replication</td>
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<td>2001-01-22 12:15:32.5</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>1</td>
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<td>1</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<a name="gamma"></a><div class="header3">What happens with gamma?</div>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li>The localhost entry is required internally for replication to work on
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gamma. As long as we see it there, we can safely disregard it.</li>
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<li>We see the entry for the alpha machine has all zeros in replicate,
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datareplicate and hub columns. This means that gamma is configured to
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accept replication information from alpha. (As we will see in a moment,
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alpha is not actually correctly configured to send data to gamma.)</li>
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<li>We see that the entry for the lamda machine has ones in the replicate
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and data replicate columns and a zero in the hub column. This tells us
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that gamma will replicate it's original documents to lamda, assuming that
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lambda is configured to accept replication from gamma (we will see that it
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is). However, because the hub value is zero, any documents that replicate
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to gamma will not be further replicated to lamda.</li>
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</ul>
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<a name="alpha"></a><div class="header3">What happens with alpha?</div>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li>The localhost entry is required internally for replication to work on
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alpha. As long as we see it there, we can safely disregard it.</li>
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<li>We see that the entry for gamma has a zero in the replicate column.
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This means that all other entries are meaningless and can be disregarded.
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Even though there is a one in the datareplicate column on alpha and gamma
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is configured to accept replication from alpha, no replicationwill happen
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from alpha to gamma.</li>
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<li>We see that the entry for lamda is a one in the replicate column and zeros
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in the datareplicate and hub columns. Assuming lamda is configured to
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accept replication from alpha, alpha will replicate metadata only to lamda
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(and indeed, we will see that lambda is set up to accept replication from
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alpha). </li>
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</ul>
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<a name="lamda"></a><div class="header3">What happens with lamda?</div>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li>The localhost entry is required internally for replication to work on
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lamda. As long as we see it there, we can safely disregard it.</li>
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<li>We see that the entry for gamma has all zeros in replicate, datareplicate
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and hub, so lamba is set up to accept replication from gamma. As we have
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already seen, gamma is correctly configured to replicate metadata and data
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to lambda. We should see data and metadata replication from gamma to lamda.
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<li>We see that the entry for alpha has ones in the replicate datareplicate and
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hub columns. There's a lot going on here:
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>First, lamda will replicate original metadata and data to alpha if
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alpha is configured to accept replication from lamda. Because alpha
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has an entry for lambda, lamba will be allowed to replicate to alpha. </li>
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<li>Second, because the alpha entry has a one in the hub column, lambda
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will not only replicate it's original data, it will also replicate
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data that was replicated to it. Remember that gamma was configured
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to replicate to lamda. So any data or metadata that gamma sends to
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lambda will get further replicated to alpha.</li>
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<li>Finally, the alpha entry in the table allows the alpha server to
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replicate to lambda. Since the alpha server is set up to replicate
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metadata only, we would expect any original metadata on alpha to
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wind up on lambda.</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<a name="ControlPanel"></a><div class="header1">The Replication Control Panel:</div>
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There is an html control panel for controling replication. After
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<a href="./Metacatinstall.html">installing</a> Metacat, you can access
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it by going through the Metacat servlet context you have setup and calling up
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replControl.html. For instance, if you setup a Metacat servlet instance
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called 'knb' you would probably type
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<div class="code">http://server.domain.com:8080/Metacat/style/skins/dev/replControl.html</div>
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The control panel is an easy interface for adding/removing/altering servers and
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starting the delta-T handler. It will also allow you to 'force replicate' your
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server list. This is useful if you want to initialize the state of one Metacat
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server from an existing state of another (i.e. copy all of the data from an existing
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server).</p>
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<a name="Certificates"></a><div class="header1">Certificates:</div>
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You will need to generate security certificates on both the replication client
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and server. The certificates will be exchanged so that each machine understands
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that the other has access for replication.<br><br>
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The following are the steps to generate and exchange certificates on systems
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running Tomcat 5 and java 1.5. Note that if Tomcat is running in conjunction with
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Apache, the process is somewhat different than if it is running standalone.
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<a name="GenerateCertificates"></a><div class="header2">Generate Certificates on both the replication client and server.</div>
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<a name="GenerateCertTomcat"></a><div class="header3">Generate Certificate for Tomcat standalone (no Apache)</div>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li>Generate keys in java default key store - this will create a secure key and put it
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into the binary certificates file located at $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Run the command:
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<div class="code">keytool -genkey -alias <aliasname> -keyalg RSA -validity 800 -keystore $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts</div>
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where <aliasname> is a unique name that you choose for this cert. Something like "<hostname-tomcat>"
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might be appropriate, where <hostname-tomcat> is the name of this host.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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Password - keytool will ask for a password. If this is a pre-existing keystore, you will need
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to know its password to modify it. If you are creating a new keystore, the password you enter
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will become the keystore password.
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</li>
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<li>Sample values when creating certificate</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>What is your first and last name? <b>myserver.nceas.ucsb.edu </b>
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(note: use the host name without port number)<li>
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<li>What is the name of your organizional unit? <b>NCEAS</b></li>
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<li>What is the name of your organizional unit? <b>UCSB</b></li>
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<li>What is the name of your City or Locality? <b>Santa Barbara</b></li>
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<li>What is the name of your State or Province? <b>California</b>
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(note: this is spelled in full)<li>
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<li>What is the two-letter country code for this unit? <b>US</b></li>
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</ul>
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<li>Generate certificate - this will pull the certificate you created from the cacerts file
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and put it into a local file</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Run the command:
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<div class="code">keytool -export -alias <aliasname> -file <outputfile>.cert -keystore $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts</div>
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where <aliasname> is the same name you used when you created the certificate. </li>
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<li>A file named <outputfile>.cert will be created in the same directory where you run the keytool
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command. You can name the output file anything you like, but keep in mind that it will get sent to the
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partner machine used for replication. The filename should have have enough meaning that someone who sees
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it on that machine can have some idea where it came from. Again, something like "<hostname>-tomcat.cert"
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will suffice.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Enable SSL in Tomcat
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Edit the Tomcat server file at $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/server.xml</li>
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<li>
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uncomment the section that starts with "<Connector port="8443" ... (Note: Databased Informationcomments start with
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<!-- and end with -->).
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</li>
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<li>add two attribute to that section that read:
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<div class="code">keystoreFile="<JAVA_HOME>/lib/security/cacerts"</div>
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<div class="code">keystorePass="<keystore_password>"</div>
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where <JAVA_HOME> should be the actual java path and <keystore_password> should be the
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password you used when you created the keystore.
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a name="GenerateCertApache"></a><div class="header3">Generate Certificate for Apache/Tomcat</div>
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<ul class="list1">
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<li>Generate keys using openssl
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Run the command:
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<div class="code"> openssl req -new -out REQ.pem -keyout <hostname>-apache.key</div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Sample values when creating certificate</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <b>US</b></li>
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<li>State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <b>California</b>
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(note: this is spelled in full)</li>
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<li>Locality Name (eg, city) []: <b>Santa Barbara</b></li>
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<li>Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: </b>UCSB</b></li>
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<li>Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <b>NCEAS</b></li>
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<li>Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: <b>myserver.mydomain.edu</b>
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(note: use the host name without port number)</li>
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<li>Email Address []: <b>administrator@mydomain.edu</b></li>
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<li>A challenge password []: (note: leave blank)</li>
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<li>An optional company name []: (note: leave blank)</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Generate certificate - this will create a local file with your certificate</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Run the command:
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<div class="code">openssl req -x509 -days 800 -in REQ.pem -key <hostname>-apache.key -out <hostname>-apache.crt</div>
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where <aliasname> is the same name you used when you created the certificate. </li>
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<li>A file named <outputfile>.cert will be created in the same directory where you run the keytool
|
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command. You can name the output file anything you like, but keep in mind that it will get sent to the
|
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partner machine used for replication. The filename should have have enough meaning that someone who sees
|
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it on that machine can have some idea where it came from. Again, something like "<hostname>-tomcat.cert"
|
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will suffice.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Enter the certificate into apache security configuration - you need to register the certificate
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in the local Apache instance. Note that the security files may be in a different place depending
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on how you installed apache.</li>
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<ul class="list2">
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<li>Copy the certificate and key file to the apache ssl directories and enable ssl.</li>
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<li>For Ubuntu/Debian based systems:
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<ul class="list3">
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<li>sudo cp <hostname>-apache.crt /etc/ssl/certs</li>
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<li>sudo cp <hostname>-apache.key /etc/ssl/private</li>
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<li>As root edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default. In the VirtualHost section
|
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after the DocumentRoot line, add:<br>
|
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|
SSLEngine on<br>
|
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SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +CompatEnvVars +StrictRequire<br>
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SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt<br>
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SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="list2">
|
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<li>For other systems:
|
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<ul class="list3">
|
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<li>sudo cp <hostname>-apache.crt $APACHE_HOME/conf/ssl.crt</li>
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<li>sudo cp <hostname>-apache.key $APACHE_HOME/conf/ssl.key</li>
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<li> ADD STEPS TO ENABLE SSL ON NON_DEBIAN SYSTEMS HERE</li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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|
</ul>
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<li>scp <hostname>-apache.crt to the replication partner machine.</li>
|
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</ul>
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|
|
|
463
|
<a name="RegisterPartner"></a><div class="header2">Register the partner machines certificate.</div>
|
|
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|
At this point, you have created a certificate for each replication server and
|
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scp-ed them across to each other. Now you need to import the remote server's
|
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certificate on the local machine. Perform the following steps for each
|
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replication server.
|
|
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<ul class="list1">
|
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<li>Import the remote certificate by running:
|
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<div class="code">keytool -import -alias <remotehostalias> -file <remotehostfilename>.cert -keystore $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts</div>
|
|
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where the <remotehostfilename> is the certificate file you created on the remote machine and
|
|
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copied to this machine. The <remotehostalias> is the name the certificate will use in
|
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the keystore. It should be something that identifies the remote host.
|
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</li>
|
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<li>Restart Apache and Tomcat on both replication machines</li>
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</ul>
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<a href="./packages.html">Back</a> | <a href="./metacattour.html">Home</a> |
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